{"id":349,"date":"2024-08-21T17:49:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T15:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/?p=349"},"modified":"2026-08-11T09:38:29","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T07:38:29","slug":"jesu-li-zene-mogle-biti-samurajke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/2024\/jesu-li-zene-mogle-biti-samurajke\/","title":{"rendered":"Jesu li \u017eene mogle biti samurajke?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da, koliko je god japansko dru\u0161tvo bilo patrijarhalno,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/2024\/tko-su-bili-samuraji\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">samuraji&nbsp;<\/a>su doista mogle biti i \u017eene. Te su \u017eene bile poznate kao&nbsp;<em>onna-bugeisha<\/em>&nbsp;ili&nbsp;<em>onna-musha<\/em>&nbsp;\u0161to u prijevodu okvirno zna\u010di \u201c\u017eenska borila\u010dka umjetnica\u201d.&nbsp;<em>Onna-bugeishe<\/em>&nbsp;su trenirale rukovanje&nbsp;<em>naginatom&nbsp;<\/em>i&nbsp;<em>katanom<\/em>. Iako je klasa samuraja bila prete\u017eno mu\u0161ka, bilo je iznimaka u kojima su \u017eene preuzimale ratni\u010dke uloge, posebno u obrani svojih domova i zajednica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedna od najpoznatijih&nbsp;<em>onna-bugeisha<\/em>&nbsp;bila je Tomoe Gozen, proslavljena svojom hrabro\u0161\u0107u i borbenim vje\u0161tinama tijekom Genpei rata. Pod vodstvom gospodara Minamoto Yoshinake zapovijedala je jedinicom od 300 samuraja protiv 2000 ratnika suparni\u010dkog klana Taira tijekom neuspje\u0161ne bitke kod Awazua. U toj je bitci ubila poznatog ratnika Uchida Ieyoshi i uspje\u0161no izbjegla zarobljavanje. Tomoe se u Japanu \u010desto slavi u knjigama, glazbi, pjesmama, filmovima, povijesnim romanima i kulturi op\u0107enito.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"488\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/488px-Kokon_hime_kagami_Tomoe_onna_by_Tsukioka_Yoshitoshi-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/488px-Kokon_hime_kagami_Tomoe_onna_by_Tsukioka_Yoshitoshi-1.jpg 488w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/488px-Kokon_hime_kagami_Tomoe_onna_by_Tsukioka_Yoshitoshi-1-203x300.jpg 203w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tomoe Gozen (1157. \u2013 1247.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"516\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1280px-Yoshu_Chikanobu_Tomoe_Gozen-1-1024x516.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1280px-Yoshu_Chikanobu_Tomoe_Gozen-1-1024x516.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1280px-Yoshu_Chikanobu_Tomoe_Gozen-1-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1280px-Yoshu_Chikanobu_Tomoe_Gozen-1-768x387.jpg 768w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/1280px-Yoshu_Chikanobu_Tomoe_Gozen-1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tomoe (na konju) napada Uchida Ieyoshija<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Od Edo perioda po\u010detkom 17. st. broj&nbsp;<em>onna-bugeisha<\/em>&nbsp;je opadao zbog novog uspona konfucionizma. \u017dene su \u010dvr\u0161\u0107e vezane uz mu\u017eeve i bile su u sjeni. Odnos bi se mogao usporediti s odnosom seniora i vazala. Uvijek su morale biti u pratnji mu\u0161karca jer same nisu smjele putovati. Uz to morale su posjedovati posebne dozvole kojima se utvr\u0111uje njihov posao i motivi.<\/p>\n\n\n<script async src=\"https:\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-3125635016686955\"\r\n     crossorigin=\"anonymous\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- U \u010dlanku na CA -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-3125635016686955\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4895695180\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jo\u0161 jedna zna\u010dajna&nbsp;<em>onna-bugeisha<\/em>&nbsp;bila je Nakano Takeko, koja je predvodila skupinu \u017eena ratnica u Boshin ratu 1868. Tijekom Bitke kod Aizua (1868.) koristila je&nbsp;<em>naginatom&nbsp;<\/em>i bila je vo\u0111a&nbsp;<em>ad hoc<\/em>&nbsp;jedinice borkinja. Takeko i druge \u017eene istupile su na prvu liniju bez dopu\u0161tenja, budu\u0107i da im stariji \u010dlanovi klana nisu dopustili da se bore kao slu\u017ebeni dio vojske. Imala je oko dvadeset godina kad je poginula u borbi. Protivnici su bili naoru\u017eani vatrenim oru\u017ejem i Takeko je pogo\u0111ena u glavu ili prsa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"344\" height=\"479\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/344px-Onna_bugeisha_Ishi-jo_wife_of_Oboshi_Yoshio-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/344px-Onna_bugeisha_Ishi-jo_wife_of_Oboshi_Yoshio-1.jpg 344w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/344px-Onna_bugeisha_Ishi-jo_wife_of_Oboshi_Yoshio-1-215x300.jpg 215w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 344px) 100vw, 344px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Naginata u rukama onna-bugeishe<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Iz istog razdoblja vrijedi istaknuti&nbsp;<strong>Niijima Yae<\/strong>&nbsp;(Yaeko). Proslavljena&nbsp;<em>onna-bugeisha<\/em>&nbsp;u zrelim godinama postala je jedna od prvih borkinja za \u017eenska prava u Japanu. U Boshin ratu (1868.) sudjelovala je kao vje\u0161ti strijelac iz pu\u0161ke. Nakon rata zavr\u0161ila je obuke za majstoricu&nbsp;<em>sad\u014d&nbsp;<\/em>(ceremonije \u010daja) i&nbsp;<em>kad\u014d&nbsp;<\/em>(<em>ikebana<\/em>) ure\u0111ivanja cvije\u0107a. Te je vje\u0161tine prenosila kao u\u010diteljica u \u017eenskoj \u0161koli u Kyotu. Pre\u0161la je na kr\u0161\u0107anstvo i nakon udaje 1876. po\u010dela radi u Doshisha English School. Suprug i jedna od ameri\u010dkih misionarki su je motivirali za rad na osna\u017eivanju \u017eena. Naredne godine su otvorili \u0161kolu za djevoj\u010dice. Po\u010dela se pripremati za bolni\u010darski posao i 1890. je u\u0161la u japanski Crveni kri\u017e. Tijekom Prvog kinesko-japanskog rata vodila je tim od 40 medicinskih sestara. Radila je i na pobolj\u0161anju dru\u0161tvenog statusa obu\u010denih medicinskih sestara. Volontirala je i u ratu protiv Ruskog Carstva. Vi\u0161e puta ne primila nagrade od cara.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"460\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/460px-Niijima_Yae_with_katana_rifle_waka-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/460px-Niijima_Yae_with_katana_rifle_waka-1.png 460w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/460px-Niijima_Yae_with_katana_rifle_waka-1-192x300.png 192w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Niijima Yae naoru\u017eana katanom i pu\u0161kom (1932.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pitanja za analizu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kako biste definirali pojam \u201conna-bugeisha\u201d? Po \u010demu su se razlikovale od mu\u0161kih samuraja?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Koje su dru\u0161tvene i kulturne okolnosti omogu\u0107ile postojanje&nbsp;<em>onna-bugeisha<\/em>?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Za\u0161to su \u017eene poput Tomoe Gozen i Nakano Takeko postale poznate u povijesti? \u0160to nam njihovi primjeri govore o japanskom dru\u0161tvu i samurajima?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Usporedite ulogu&nbsp;<em>onna-bugeisha<\/em>&nbsp;s ulogom \u017eena ratnica u drugim povijesnim dru\u0161tvima. Postoje li sli\u010dnosti ili razlike?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0160to nam primjer Niijima Yae govori o transformaciji uloga&nbsp;<em>onna-bugeisha<\/em>&nbsp;nakon zavr\u0161etka Boshin rata? Kako su se te \u017eene prilagodile novim dru\u0161tvenim uvjetima?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Razmislite o ulozi \u017eene u dru\u0161tvu danas. Kako se polo\u017eaj \u017eena promijenio od vremena&nbsp;<em>onna-bugeisha<\/em>&nbsp;do danas?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kako su&nbsp;<em>onna-bugeisha<\/em>&nbsp;prikazane u suvremenoj popularnoj kulturi (npr. serija Shogun)? Mislite li da su ti prikazi vjerni povijesnim \u010dinjenicama ili su romanti\u010dne interpretacije?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Da, koliko je god japansko dru\u0161tvo bilo patrijarhalno,&nbsp;samuraji&nbsp;su doista mogle biti i \u017eene. Te su \u017eene bile poznate kao&nbsp;onna-bugeisha&nbsp;ili&nbsp;onna-musha&nbsp;\u0161to u prijevodu okvirno zna\u010di \u201c\u017eenska borila\u010dka umjetnica\u201d.&nbsp;Onna-bugeishe&nbsp;su trenirale rukovanje&nbsp;naginatom&nbsp;i&nbsp;katanom. Iako je klasa samuraja bila prete\u017eno mu\u0161ka, bilo je iznimaka u kojima su \u017eene preuzimale ratni\u010dke uloge, posebno u obrani svojih domova i zajednica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":359,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[47,108,109],"class_list":["post-349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rodna-povijest","tag-japan","tag-povijest-zena","tag-rodna-povijest"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":8}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=349"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1111,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/349\/revisions\/1111"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/359"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}