{"id":1677,"date":"2025-02-24T13:37:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-24T12:37:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/?p=1677"},"modified":"2026-08-12T13:41:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T11:41:05","slug":"selknam-narod-ognjene-zemlje-na-rubu-nestanka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/2025\/selknam-narod-ognjene-zemlje-na-rubu-nestanka\/","title":{"rendered":"Selk\u2019nam &#8211; narod Ognjene zemlje na rubu nestanka"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Na ju\u017enom kraju Ju\u017ene Amerike, u surovom i vjetrovitom podru\u010dju poznatom kao Ognjena zemlja, stolje\u0107ima su \u017eivjeli pripadnici naroda Selk\u2019nam, poznati i kao Ona. Njihova kultura, na\u010din \u017eivota i vjerovanja \u010dinili su dio bogatog mozaika autohtonih naroda ameri\u010dkog kontinenta. No, susret s europskim doseljenicima u 19. stolje\u0107u ozna\u010dio je po\u010detak brzog i nasilnog procesa koji \u0107e gotovo u potpunosti izbrisati njihov svijet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/preporuke-za-gimnazije.jpg\" alt=\"Preporu\u010deni sadr\u017eaj za u\u010denike gimnazije\" class=\"wp-image-976\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/preporuke-za-gimnazije.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/preporuke-za-gimnazije-300x38.jpg 300w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/preporuke-za-gimnazije-768x98.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tko su bili Selk\u2019nam?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selk\u2019nam su obitavali na otoku Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, koji danas pripada Argentini i \u010cileu. Njihovo ime za to podru\u010dje bilo je <em>Karukink\u00e1<\/em>. Tisu\u0107ama godina \u017eivjeli su kao nomadski lovci i sakuplja\u010di, prilago\u0111eni hladnoj i negostoljubivoj klimi Patagonije. Hranu su naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e osiguravali lovom na guanace (divlje ro\u0111ake ljame), a kretali su se u malim skupinama koje su bile organizirane u obiteljske klanove, <em>harowen<\/em>. Nisu imali sredi\u0161nju vlast, a dru\u0161tveni ugled stjecao se staro\u0161\u0107u, znanjem i duhovnim sposobnostima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Svjetonazor i obi\u010daji<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vjerovanja Selk\u2019nama bila su duboko povezana s prirodom, precima i svijetom duhova. Duhovni vo\u0111e, nazvani <em>xo\u2019on<\/em>, imali su va\u017enu ulogu u lije\u010denju i tuma\u010denju prirodnih pojava. Me\u0111u najpoznatijim obi\u010dajima bio je <em>hain<\/em>, slo\u017eeni inicijacijski obred u kojem su se dje\u010daci uvodili u svijet odraslih mu\u0161karaca. Obred je uklju\u010divao mitolo\u0161ke maske, ritualne drame i simboli\u010dne ku\u0161nje koje su slu\u017eile prijenosu znanja i dru\u0161tvenih uloga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sudar s kolonijalnim svijetom<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dolaskom europskih doseljenika, posebno u drugoj polovici 19. stolje\u0107a, zapo\u010deo je proces kolonizacije Ognjene zemlje. Uvo\u0111enjem sto\u010darstva, posebno ov\u010darstva, Selk\u2019nam su sve \u010de\u0161\u0107e dolazili u sukob s ran\u010derima koji su ih smatrali prijetnjom jer su, iz potrebe za pre\u017eivljavanjem, ponekad ubijali ovce. Kao odgovor, kolonizatori su organizirali pla\u0107ene potjere na pripadnike Selk\u2019nama \u2013 donosili su dokaze o ubijenima, poput odsje\u010denih u\u0161iju ili genitalija, kako bi dobili nov\u010danu nagradu. Ovakve prakse, uz \u0161irenje bolesti, alkohol i prisilnu asimilaciju u misijskim \u0161kolama, dovele su do gotovo potpunog istrebljenja naroda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1180\" height=\"855\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/lov-na-Selkname.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/lov-na-Selkname.jpg 1180w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/lov-na-Selkname-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/lov-na-Selkname-1024x742.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/lov-na-Selkname-768x556.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lov na Selk&#8217;name (1886.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kulturni genocid i dana\u0161nje naslje\u0111e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-995f960e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Etni\u010dko i kulturno istrebljenje Selk\u2019nama povjesni\u010dari i antropolozi danas nazivaju genocidom, premda tada nije postojala me\u0111unarodna pravna osuda. Iako je broj pre\u017eivjelih do sredine 20. stolje\u0107a pao na svega nekoliko desetaka, pojedine zajednice u \u010cileu i danas tvrde da potje\u010du od Selk\u2019nama i bore se za priznanje, povrat kulturne ba\u0161tine i revitalizaciju jezika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jedna od najpoznatijih fotografija iz 1923. prikazuje majku Selk\u2019nam i njezinu k\u0107er \u2013 tihi, ali sna\u017ean dokument naroda na rubu nestanka. Takve slike i danas podsje\u0107aju na nepravde pro\u0161losti, ali i na va\u017enost o\u010duvanja kulturne raznolikosti \u010dovje\u010danstva.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6a827473e3c75&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6a827473e3c75\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"872\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Selkname-1923.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1680\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Selkname-1923.jpg 700w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Selkname-1923-241x300.jpg 241w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Za razmi\u0161ljanje<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mo\u017eemo li dana\u0161nje dru\u0161tvo nazvati eti\u010dki odgovornim ako ne priznaje i ne u\u010di o zlo\u010dinima nad autohtonim narodima?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kakvu ulogu fotografija i vizualni izvori imaju u o\u010duvanju sje\u0107anja na izbrisane zajednice?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Postoji li u suvremenom svijetu sli\u010dan primjer ugro\u017eavanja kulturnog identiteta?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na ju\u017enom kraju Ju\u017ene Amerike, u surovom i vjetrovitom podru\u010dju poznatom kao Ognjena zemlja, stolje\u0107ima su \u017eivjeli pripadnici naroda Selk\u2019nam, poznati i kao Ona. Njihova kultura, na\u010din \u017eivota i vjerovanja \u010dinili su dio bogatog mozaika autohtonih naroda ameri\u010dkog kontinenta. No, susret s europskim doseljenicima u 19. stolje\u0107u ozna\u010dio je po\u010detak brzog i nasilnog procesa koji [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1678,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[217,411,271,413,412],"class_list":["post-1677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gimna","tag-gimna3","tag-imperijalizam","tag-kolonijalizam","tag-ona","tag-selknam"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":7}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1677"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1681,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1677\/revisions\/1681"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/hpp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}