{"id":4206,"date":"2024-09-01T11:06:01","date_gmt":"2024-09-01T09:06:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/?p=4206"},"modified":"2024-12-20T10:18:20","modified_gmt":"2024-12-20T09:18:20","slug":"vaughtov-prakticni-citac-znakova-1902","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/2024\/vaughtov-prakticni-citac-znakova-1902\/","title":{"rendered":"Vaughtov prakti\u010dni \u010dita\u010d znakova (1902.)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Frenologija, pseudoznanstvena razmi\u0161ljanja koja se temelje na ideji da se ne\u010diji intelekt, osobnost i karakter mogu odrediti oblikom lubanje, pridonijelo je brojnim dru\u0161tvenim \u0161tetama tijekom svog vrhunca u 19. stolje\u0107u. Rasizmu, seksizmu i drugim oblicima diskriminacije dao je prizvuk &#8220;znanstvene&#8221; i &#8220;biolo\u0161ke&#8221; legitimnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-zabavni-sadrzaj-1024x130.jpg\" alt=\"Clionaut preporuka: zabavni sadr\u017eaj\" class=\"wp-image-7253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-zabavni-sadrzaj-1024x130.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-zabavni-sadrzaj-300x38.jpg 300w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-zabavni-sadrzaj-768x98.jpg 768w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-zabavni-sadrzaj.jpg 1180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Frenologija je pomogla u postavljanju temelja za eugeniku, koja se pojavila u kasnom 19. i ranom 20. stolje\u0107u. Eugenika je zagovarala pobolj\u0161anje ljudske rase selektivnim uzgojem i promicala ideje o rasnoj superiornosti i inferiornosti, koriste\u0107i sli\u010dne argumente o nasljednim osobinama koje je predlagala frenologija. Kasnija nacisti\u010dka rasna teorija bila je pod jakim utjecajem eugeni\u010dkih ideja. Poput frenologije i eugenike, nacisti\u010dka ideologija oslanjala se na pseudoznanstvene koncepte biolo\u0161kog determinizma kako bi racionalizirala diskriminaciju, ugnjetavanje i kona\u010dno genocid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podru\u010dje je tako\u0111er dovelo do komi\u010dno apsurdnih ilustracija i tvrdnji koje se nalaze u <em>Vaught\u2019s Practical Character Reader<\/em>, knjizi iz 1902. koja je imala za cilj pou\u010diti javnost kako procijeniti vrijednost ljudi koriste\u0107i frenolo\u0161ka na\u010dela. Knjigu je objavio frenolog L.A. Vaught, koji je uvjeravao \u010ditatelje da &#8220;njene \u010dinjenice mogu u potpunosti pokazati svi koji se bez predrasuda trude da to u\u010dine&#8221;. Knjiga ocrtava 42 poznata elementa ljudske prirode &#8211; uklju\u010duju\u0107i osobine kao \u0161to su dobronamjernost, ljubaznost, lijenost i (pazi sad) praznovjerje &#8211; i opisuje kako se te osobine navodno manifestiraju u obliku glave, nosa, u\u0161iju i brade osobe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ako u sljede\u0107im crte\u017eima prepoznate sebe ili bli\u017enje nemojte se zabrinuti &#8211; frenologija NIJE znanost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-17.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-16.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-25.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-26.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-12.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Prava majka<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-13.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Nepouzdana majka<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-14.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Pravi otac<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-15.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Nepouzdan otac<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-10.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-11.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-8.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-9.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-6.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Nos vas izdaje<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-7.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Puno dobrih kvaliteta<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-4.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Senzibilnost<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-5.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Materijalizam<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-2.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Standard lijenosti<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/frenologija-1902-3.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ljubomora<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pitanja za analizu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0160to je frenologija i kako je utjecala na dru\u0161tvene stavove u 19. stolje\u0107u?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Na koji na\u010din su frenolo\u0161ke ideje doprinijele rasizmu, seksizmu i drugim oblicima diskriminacije?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kako je frenologija postavila temelje za kasnije ideje o eugenici? Koje su sli\u010dnosti izme\u0111u ove dvije pseudoznanosti?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kako su frenologija i eugenika utjecale na nacisti\u010dku ideologiju i politiku?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0160to mo\u017eemo nau\u010diti iz primjera pseudoznanosti poput frenologije i eugenike o tome kako razlikovati znanost od pseudoznanosti danas?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Na koji na\u010din danas mo\u017eemo vidjeti sli\u010dne primjere pseudoznanosti ili dezinformacija koje utje\u010du na dru\u0161tvene stavove? Mo\u017ee\u0161 li dati primjer?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Frenologija, pseudoznanstvena razmi\u0161ljanja koja se temelje na ideji da se ne\u010diji intelekt, osobnost i karakter mogu odrediti oblikom lubanje, pridonijelo je brojnim dru\u0161tvenim \u0161tetama tijekom svog vrhunca u 19. stolje\u0107u. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4209,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Kvrgasta glava je pametna? Visoko \u010delo je marljivo? Zavirite u primjere kako je pseudoznanost frenologija 1902. povezivala fizi\u010dki izgled glave s osobinama ljudi","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[212],"tags":[304,624,625,218],"class_list":["post-4206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zanimljivosti","tag-cudnjikavo","tag-eugenika","tag-frenologija","tag-nacizam"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4206"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8871,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4206\/revisions\/8871"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4209"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}