{"id":2598,"date":"2024-08-20T01:51:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T23:51:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/?p=2598"},"modified":"2025-01-26T18:45:34","modified_gmt":"2025-01-26T17:45:34","slug":"tko-su-bili-samuraji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/2024\/tko-su-bili-samuraji\/","title":{"rendered":"Tko su bili samuraji?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Samuraji su bili pripadnici vojne klase u Japanu koji su se isticali svojim vje\u0161tinama u borbi i posve\u0107eno\u0161\u0107u specifi\u010dnom kodu pona\u0161anja. Samuraji su postali poznati u periodu feudalnog Japana, koji je trajao od 12. do kraja 19. stolje\u0107a. Oni su bili ratnici, ali su tako\u0111er igrali klju\u010dnu ulogu u dru\u0161tvenom i politi\u010dkom \u017eivotu zemlje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-za-gimnazije-1024x130.jpg\" alt=\"Clionaut preporuka: za gimnazije\" class=\"wp-image-7255\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-za-gimnazije-1024x130.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-za-gimnazije-300x38.jpg 300w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-za-gimnazije-768x98.jpg 768w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-za-gimnazije.jpg 1180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-pmpro-membership\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-border-color is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-color:#cf2e2e;border-style:dashed;border-width:1px;border-radius:10px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-948331d77a7dcf4e9518fc66f3402adb\">Reklame se ne prikazuju \u010dlanovima Clionaut Akademije:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kako se postaje samuraj?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Postati samuraj nije bio jednostavan zadatak. Da bi netko postao samuraj, trebao je pro\u0107i kroz rigorozan proces koji je uklju\u010divao vi\u0161e koraka. Samuraji su naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e dolazili iz obitelji koje su ve\u0107 bile povezane s vojnom klasom. Odrasli sinovi samuraja imali su mogu\u0107nost nastaviti obiteljski poziv. Obuka je po\u010dinjala u mladosti. Mladi\u0107i su u\u010dili borila\u010dke vje\u0161tine, taktiku i kori\u0161tenje razli\u010ditih oru\u017eja poput ma\u010deva (<em>katana<\/em>), kopalja i lukova. Tako\u0111er su se u\u010dili strate\u0161kim i takti\u010dkim vje\u0161tinama koje su bile va\u017ene za vojnu karijeru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Samuraji su morali biti odani svom gospodaru (<em>daimyo<\/em>) i japanskim pokrajinama (prefekturama) kojima su slu\u017eili. Ova odanost bila je klju\u010dna za njihovu poziciju unutar dru\u0161tva.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/950px-Samurai-in-Armour-by-Kusakabe-Kimbei-1.png\" alt=\"Fotografija je snimljena 1860. g.\" class=\"wp-image-8471\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/950px-Samurai-in-Armour-by-Kusakabe-Kimbei-1.png 950w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/950px-Samurai-in-Armour-by-Kusakabe-Kimbei-1-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/950px-Samurai-in-Armour-by-Kusakabe-Kimbei-1-768x582.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fotografija je snimljena 1860. g.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0160to je Bushido?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Bushido <\/em>[bu\u0161ido] doslovno zna\u010di &#8220;put ratnika&#8221;. To je bio kod pona\u0161anja koji je definirao na\u010din \u017eivota samuraja. Uklju\u010divao je vrijednosti kao \u0161to su hrabrost, \u010dast, odanost, po\u0161tovanje i vjernost. Samuraji su slijedili <em>bushido <\/em>u svakodnevnom \u017eivotu i na boji\u0161tu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Klju\u010dni principi <em>bushida<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u010cast: Odr\u017eavanje \u010dasti bilo je od presudne va\u017enosti. Samuraji su se trudili biti \u010destiti i pravedni u svim svojim djelovanjima.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hrabrost: Hrabrost nije zna\u010dila samo fizi\u010dku hrabrost u borbi, ve\u0107 i hrabrost u suo\u010davanju s te\u0161kim situacijama.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Odanost: Od samuraja se o\u010dekivala apsolutna odanost gospodaru, obitelji i prijateljima.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"940\" height=\"706\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/samuraji-trening-1.jpg\" alt=\"Trening ma\u010devanja (1873.)\" class=\"wp-image-8473\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/samuraji-trening-1.jpg 940w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/samuraji-trening-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/samuraji-trening-1-768x577.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Trening ma\u010devanja (1873.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0160to se dogodilo ako su se pravila prekr\u0161ila? Kr\u0161enje <em>bushida <\/em>moglo je imati ozbiljne posljedice:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Seppuku<\/em>: Ovo je bila ceremonijalna samoubila\u010dka smrt koja se izvodila zbog povrede \u010dasti. Samuraj bi izveo ritualno samoubojstvo rezanjem trbuha, \u0161to je smatran na\u010dinom vra\u0107anja \u010dasti. Uz njega je bio asistent koji mu je skratio muke odsijecanjem glave. Biti asistent je bila velika \u010dast. <em>Seppuku <\/em>se \u010desto izvr\u0161io pred publikom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gubitak statusa: Kr\u0161enje pravila moglo je dovesti do gubitka statusa i povlastica. Samuraji su mogli biti izop\u0107eni iz vojne klase, \u0161to bi zna\u010dilo gubitak resursa i dru\u0161tvene mo\u0107i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>Jedan od najpoznatijih samuraja bio je Miyamoto Musashi (1584. \u2013 1645.), legendarni japanski ma\u010devalac i filozof. Musashi je najpoznatiji po svojoj borbenoj filozofiji i knjizi &#8220;Knjiga pet prstena&#8221;, koja se bavi strategijom i taktikom borbe. Musashi je sudjelovao u mnogim dvobojima i nikada nije izgubio. Njegova sposobnost da se prilagodi razli\u010ditim borbenim situacijama i njegova duboka razumijevanja strategije u\u010dinili su ga ikonom samurajske borbene umjetnosti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"498\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Musashi-1.jpg\" alt=\"Miyamoto Musashi\" class=\"wp-image-8475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Musashi-1.jpg 498w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Musashi-1-249x300.jpg 249w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Miyamoto Musashi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile is-image-fill-element\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"488\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/488px-Kokon_hime_kagami_Tomoe_onna_by_Tsukioka_Yoshitoshi-1.jpg\" alt=\"Tomoe Gozen (1157. \u2013 1247.)\" class=\"wp-image-8417 size-medium\" style=\"object-position:50% 50%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/488px-Kokon_hime_kagami_Tomoe_onna_by_Tsukioka_Yoshitoshi-1.jpg 488w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/488px-Kokon_hime_kagami_Tomoe_onna_by_Tsukioka_Yoshitoshi-1-203x300.jpg 203w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/2024\/jesu-li-zene-mogle-biti-samurajke\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2743\">Jesu li \u017eene mogle postati samuraji?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"940\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/samuraj-vitez.jpg\" alt=\"Samuraj i vitez\" class=\"wp-image-2764 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/samuraj-vitez.jpg 940w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/samuraj-vitez-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/samuraj-vitez-768x409.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 940px) 100vw, 940px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Usporedba samuraja i vitezova je na <a href=\"https:\/\/www.povijest.net\/2024\/usporedba-europskih-vitezova-i-japanskih-samuraja\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ovoj poveznici<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pitanja za analizu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Koji su bili prvi koraci u procesu obuke samuraja? Kako ovi koraci reflektiraju vrijednosti feudalnog Japana?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Na koji na\u010din je status samuraja bio povezan s njihovim porijeklom? Kako je to utjecalo na dru\u0161tvenu mobilnost u feudalnom Japanu?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Koje vrste oru\u017eja i taktika su samuraji koristili u borbi? Kako su ove vje\u0161tine utjecale na ishode sukoba u kojima su sudjelovali?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kako su samuraji interpretirali i primjenjivali principe bushida u svakodnevnom \u017eivotu i na boji\u0161tu?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Na koji na\u010din su principi \u010dasti, hrabrosti i odanosti oblikovali samurajsku kulturu? Kako su ovi principi reflektirali \u0161ire dru\u0161tvene norme?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kako praksa seppuku-a reflektira koncepte dru\u0161tvenog pritiska i samoregulacije u samurajskoj kulturi?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kako kr\u0161enje pravila bushida moglo dovesti do gubitka statusa i kakve su bile dugoro\u010dne posljedice za samuraja i njegovu obitelj?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Samuraji su bili vojna klasa u feudalnom Japanu poznata po vje\u0161tinama borbe i bushidu (interdisciplinarna tema za gimnazijalce)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2655,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[212],"tags":[374,183,148,375,376,377,378],"class_list":["post-2598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zanimljivosti","tag-bushido","tag-gimnazije","tag-japan","tag-miyamoto-musashi","tag-ratnicke-klase","tag-samuraji","tag-seppuku"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2598"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11182,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2598\/revisions\/11182"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2655"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}