{"id":11568,"date":"2025-02-11T12:00:55","date_gmt":"2025-02-11T11:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/?p=11568"},"modified":"2025-03-03T09:58:50","modified_gmt":"2025-03-03T08:58:50","slug":"americke-civilizacije-prije-dolaska-europljana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/2025\/americke-civilizacije-prije-dolaska-europljana\/","title":{"rendered":"Ameri\u010dke civilizacije prije dolaska Europljana"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Prije dolaska europskih istra\u017eiva\u010da i osvaja\u010da, golem prostor Amerike bio je dom raznolikim i razvijenim civilizacijama koje su gradile impresivne gradove, razvijale slo\u017eene dru\u0161tvene sustave te ostavile zna\u010dajan trag u povijesti \u010dovje\u010danstva. Me\u0111u njima se posebno isti\u010du civilizacije Azteka, Inka i Maja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-za-srednju-skolu-1024x130.jpg\" alt=\"Clionaut preporuka: za srednje \u0161kole\" class=\"wp-image-7256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-za-srednju-skolu-1024x130.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-za-srednju-skolu-300x38.jpg 300w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-za-srednju-skolu-768x98.jpg 768w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/clionaut_preporuke-za-srednju-skolu.jpg 1180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Civilizacija Azteka<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Azteci su nastanjivali podru\u010dje dana\u0161njeg sredi\u0161njeg Meksika, a njihovo sredi\u0161te bio je veli\u010danstveni grad Tenochtitlan smje\u0161ten na otoku u jezeru Texcoco. Dru\u0161tvo im je bilo strogo organizirano, s vladarom na \u010delu, kojeg se smatralo bo\u017eanskim posrednikom. Poljoprivreda je bila temelj gospodarstva, pri \u010demu su se isticali \u201cplutaju\u0107i\u201d vrtovi (chinampas). Bogata religija uklju\u010divala je brojne obrede i ceremonije, a piramide i hramovi slu\u017eili su kao mjesta \u017ertvovanja i \u0161tovanja brojnih bo\u017eanstava.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"988\" height=\"513\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Historia_de_las_Indias_de_Nueva_Espana_e_islas_de_la_tierra_firme_f._14v.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11566 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Historia_de_las_Indias_de_Nueva_Espana_e_islas_de_la_tierra_firme_f._14v.jpg 988w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Historia_de_las_Indias_de_Nueva_Espana_e_islas_de_la_tierra_firme_f._14v-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Historia_de_las_Indias_de_Nueva_Espana_e_islas_de_la_tierra_firme_f._14v-768x399.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 988px) 100vw, 988px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Vi\u0161e o civilizaciji Azteka doznaj na <a href=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/2025\/civilizacija-azteka-prije-dolaska-europljana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ovoj poveznici<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:51px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-pmpro-membership\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-border-color is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-color:#cf2e2e;border-style:dashed;border-width:1px;border-radius:10px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-link-color has-small-font-size wp-elements-948331d77a7dcf4e9518fc66f3402adb\">Reklame se ne prikazuju \u010dlanovima Clionaut Akademije:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Civilizacija Inka<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Inke su \u017eivjele na podru\u010dju Anda, od dana\u0161njeg Ekvadora do sjevernog \u010cilea i Argentine. Glavni grad Carstva Inka bio je Cusco, a jedan od najpoznatijih primjera njihove arhitekture jest planinski grad Machu Picchu. Izgradili su naprednu mre\u017eu cesta i vise\u0107ih mostova preko zahtjevnih planinskih terena, olak\u0161avaju\u0107i trgovinu i komunikaciju. Dru\u0161tveni sustav temeljio se na radnoj solidarnosti (<em>ayllu<\/em>), dok je vladar Sapa Inka u\u017eivao gotovo bo\u017eanski status. Poljoprivredna tehnika uklju\u010divala je terasasta polja na strmim padinama i slo\u017eene sustave navodnjavanja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Machu_Picchu_maravilla_del_mundo.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11558 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Machu_Picchu_maravilla_del_mundo.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Machu_Picchu_maravilla_del_mundo-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Machu_Picchu_maravilla_del_mundo-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Vi\u0161e o civilizaciji Inka doznaj na <a href=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/2025\/civilizacija-inka-prije-dolaska-europljana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ovoj poveznici<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:51px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Civilizacija Maja<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Maje su naseljavale podru\u010dje dana\u0161njeg Meksika, Gvatemale, Belizea i Hondurasa. Razvile su astronomiju i matematiku na visokoj razini, kao i slo\u017een kalendarski sustav te hijeroglifsko pismo \u2013 jedno od najnaprednijih u Novome svijetu. Njihovi gradovi-dr\u017eave, poput Tikala, Palenquea i Cop\u00e1na, imali su piramide, hramove i pala\u010de koje svjedo\u010de o visokoj razini graditeljske umjetnosti. Vjerski \u017eivot temeljio se na \u0161tovanju prirodnih sila i slo\u017eenim obredima, a vladari su \u010desto bili i vjerski poglavari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"754\" src=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Detail_of_Codex_Dresdensis_drawn_by_Lacambalam.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11547 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Detail_of_Codex_Dresdensis_drawn_by_Lacambalam.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Detail_of_Codex_Dresdensis_drawn_by_Lacambalam-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Detail_of_Codex_Dresdensis_drawn_by_Lacambalam-768x566.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p>Vi\u0161e o civilizaciji Maja doznaj na <a href=\"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/2025\/civilizacija-maja-prije-dolaska-europljana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ovoj poveznici<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:51px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Druge civilizacije i kulture Sjeverne i Ju\u017ene Amerike<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Osim ovih triju poznatih civilizacija, na tlu Sjeverne Amerike razvijale su se brojne autohtone kulture s bogatim tradicijama. Primjerice, civilizacija Mississippija (<em>Mound Builders<\/em>) gradila je goleme zemljane humke i razvijala napredne poljoprivredne tehnike u dolini rijeke Mississippi. Na jugozapadu Sjeverne Amerike, Pueblo kulture podizale su karakteristi\u010dne stambene komplekse od opeke od blata, dok su se narodi sjeverozapadne obale Pacifika isticali drvenim totemima i bogatom pomorskom kulturom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ju\u017ena Amerika, osim carstva Inka, bila je dom i drugim razvijenim zajednicama poput Moche i Nazca na podru\u010dju dana\u0161njeg Perua, koje su se isticale umjetni\u010dkim i arhitektonskim dostignu\u0107ima (primjerice geoglifi u pustinji Nazca). Sve ove kulture, manje poznate od velikih carstava, tako\u0111er su imale slo\u017eenu dru\u0161tvenu organizaciju, razvijene obi\u010daje i vjerovanja te zna\u010dajnu ulogu u povijesti kontinenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:51px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Prije dolaska europskih istra\u017eiva\u010da i osvaja\u010da, golem prostor Amerike bio je dom raznolikim i razvijenim civilizacijama koje su gradile impresivne gradove, razvijale slo\u017eene dru\u0161tvene sustave te ostavile zna\u010dajan trag u [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":false,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[187],"tags":[1117,542,1114],"class_list":["post-11568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-povijest-ss","tag-azteci","tag-inke","tag-maje"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11568"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11572,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11568\/revisions\/11572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/povijest.net\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}